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When your financial situation doesn't fit the conventional mold, knowing where to go to get help can be challenging. Traditional mortgages often have stringent requirements that can be difficult for many prospective homeowners to meet. Fortunately, non-QM (non-qualified mortgage) loans offer an alternative path to homeownership for those with unique financial circumstances. Let me share with you what non-QM loans are, the different types available, and the pros and cons of each. Whether you're self-employed, a freelancer, or have irregular income, there's likely a non-QM loan that fits your needs.
In this article you will find:
Non-QM loans were introduced after the 2010 mortgage crisis, a period that saw the housing market undergo significant changes. The crisis highlighted the need for stricter lending standards, leading to the creation of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. This act established the concept of a "qualified mortgage" (QM), which adheres to specific guidelines designed to protect consumers and reduce the risk of default.
However, not everyone fits into the rigid framework of a QM loan. This gap in the market gave rise to non-QM loans, which offer more flexibility for borrowers with unconventional financial situations.
A non-QM loan is a type of mortgage that doesn't meet the qualified mortgage guidelines set by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). These guidelines typically include factors such as a maximum debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, specific documentation requirements, and restrictions on loan features. Non-QM loans, on the other hand, provide an alternative for borrowers who may not qualify for traditional loans due to their income type, credit history, or other factors. While they often come with higher interest rates and stricter requirements, non-QM loans can be a blessing for anyone who struggles to secure financing through conventional means.
There are several types of non-QM loans, each designed to cater to different borrower profiles.
Who It's For: Self-employed individuals or business owners with irregular income.
How It Works: Instead of relying on traditional income documentation like tax returns, bank statement loans use your bank statements to verify your income. Typically, lenders will look at 12 to 24 months of statements to calculate your average monthly income. This approach can be beneficial for those who have significant business expenses or who don't report all their income on their tax returns.
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Who It's For: Business owners with complex financials or multiple income sources.
How It Works: A profit and loss loan relies on a CPA-prepared profit and loss statement to demonstrate your income over the past year. This statement can be based on any 12-month period, not just the calendar year. The CPA attests to the accuracy of the statement, providing lenders with a clear picture of your financial health.
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Who It's For: Independent contractors, freelancers, or gig economy workers.
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1099 loans use your 1099 forms from the past year to verify your income. This approach is ideal for individuals who receive most of their income from one or a few sources but don't have traditional employment documentation.
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Who It's For: Individuals with significant liquid assets but irregular income.
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Asset-based loans consider your liquid assets, such as stocks, bonds, or savings, as a basis for loan qualification. Lenders apply a formula to determine your eligibility, often reducing the asset value by a percentage to account for market fluctuations.
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Who It's For: Real estate investors.
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DSCR loans are based on the income generated by the investment property. The property's rental income must cover the mortgage payment, including taxes and insurance. This type of loan is ideal for investors who want to leverage their rental income to qualify for financing.
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Who It's For: Investors and individuals with high-risk profiles.
How It Works: Hard money loans are typically short-term loans secured by real estate. They are often used by investors who need quick financing and are willing to pay higher interest rates. These are often used for fix and flip properties. These loans typically come from private lenders or investor groups rather than traditional banks.
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While non-QM loans offer flexibility, they also come with specific challenges and considerations. Here are some key factors to keep in mind:
Non-QM loans typically have interest rates that are 1-3% higher than traditional loans. This is due to the increased risk associated with these loans. While this means higher monthly payments, the benefit is gaining access to financing that might otherwise be unavailable.
Expect to put down at least 10%, with many non-QM loans requiring 20% or more. A larger down payment can help secure better terms and lower interest rates, but it also means more upfront cost.
A credit score of 700 or higher is usually preferred for non-QM loans. However, some lenders may accept lower scores with higher interest rates. Maintaining a good credit score is crucial, as it impacts your loan terms and overall cost.
Lenders often require you to have several months' worth of mortgage payments in reserve. This demonstrates your ability to manage the loan and provides a safety net in case of financial difficulties. Reserves typically need to be in liquid assets, such as savings accounts or investments that can be quickly accessed.
If you're considering a non-QM loan, preparation is key. Here are some steps to help you get ready:





All Rights Reserved | Jennifer Hughes Hernandez | Senior Loan Officer | NMLS #514497
Full service residential lender with an experienced team offering expert service, reliable communications and on-time closings in the greater Houston area.

Every week we release educational videos related to hot topics in the mortgage industry on YouTube.
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Gardner Financial Services, Ltd., dba Legacy Mutual Mortgage, NMLS #278675, a subsidiary of Texas Partners Bank. 18402 U.S. Highway 281 N, Ste. 258, San Antonio, TX 78259. AZ BK-2001467. Check registration and licensing at nmlsconsumeraccess.org. Legacy Mutual Mortgage is an Equal Housing Lender. This is not a commitment to lend. Material is informational only and should not be construed as investment or mortgage advice. Legacy Mutual Mortgage is not an agency of the federal government. Not all loan products are available in all states. All loans are subject to credit and property approval. Not all applicants qualify. Restriction and conditions may apply. Information and programs current as of date of distribution but may change without notice. [11/2025]